2398714 - 5580E anti-theft device
The anti-theft device consists of the CODE system which immobilizes the engine. | The complete alarm system, including perimeter protection, volumetric protection and anti-tilt protection is not available on this model as an optional extra, but is available through 'Linea accessori'.. |
SPECIFCATIONS
For the engine immobilizer function, the cars are fitted with an electronic system called FIAT CODE II.The FIAT CODE system allows the engine to start by means of the Engine Mangagement Node (hereafter called NCM) only after receiving a secret code memorised previously.COMPOSITION
The FIAT CODE system comprises 5 basic elements (in addition to the Body Computer which acts as the main control unit):
- CAN line for dialogue with the NBC and NCM
- bidirectional serial line for recovery ( W line)
- electronic keys containing a Transponder with a secret code;
- an aerial which reads the code contained in the key transponders;
- engine management control unit (NCM)
INTRODUCTION
The FIAT CODE allows engine control management to be commenced by the NCM by coded dialogue between the NBC and NCM during the pre-starting stage.After the ignition is switched on, the NCM sends a request code to the NBC which responds only after recognizing (via the aerial) a known electronic key inserted in the ignition switch. If the secret code contained in the response is valid, the ECM continues with the usual engine control activity, allowing the engine to be started.The NCM can memorise the secret code only by means of a particular procedure.The FIAT CODE function is also guaranteed in the case of malfunction of the other NBC functions.INTERACTION BETWEEN FIAT CODE AND KEY
Each key contains a transponder with the IDENTIFIER CODE and the SECRET CODE.As soon as the ignition is switched ON, the transponder sends the FIAT CODE identifier to the NBC which, recognising it as one of the enabled ones, proceeds with the strategy for recognising the SECRET CODE.If the identifier is not recognised, the procedure aborts, preventing the engine from being started.The SECRET CODE is recognised by means of a challenge-response algorithm with exchange of encrypted code.The code recognition time does not exceed 160 ms per attempt.The FIAT CODE attempts for 1 second to acquire the transponder in any case.DIALOGUE BETWEEN ENGINE CONTROL NODE AND FIAT CODE
The dialogue between the FIAT CODE (NBC) and NCM control units is implemented via the CAN in normal operating conditions.Each exchange of information between the FIAT CODE and the NCM is guided by the NCM (the FIAT CODE never interrogates the NCM but only responds after a request).When the ignition is switched on, the flow of operations involving code exchange between FIAT CODE and NCM depends on the state (virgin or memorised) of the NCM.If the NCM is virgin, the procedure involves the fix code request to the FIAT CODE: in this way, the NCM learns and memorises the secret code. This procedure is called CODE RECORDING.If the NCM is programmed, the procedure involves checking that the fix code memorised in the engine control unit is the same as that memorised in the FIAT CODE (NBC): the NCM asks the NBC for the secret code and compares it with its own. This procedure is called CODE VERIFY
CODE RECORDING
The CODE RECORDING procedure is the memorisation of the fix code in the engine control unit.Only after memorising the identifiers, secret code and fix code, the FIAT CODE is ready to meet the request to transmit a code from the NCM which is still virgin.After 'power on', the engine control unit initialises its software and, if it is virgin, asks for the fix code.If the FIAT CODE is not virgin, it will respond by sending the fix code, but only after recognising an enabled key. If it is a disabled (unknown) key or there is no key, the FIAT CODE does not respond.If the FIAT CODE is virgin and there is no transponder in the key and a fix code request is sent from the NCM, the FIAT CODE does not respond.CODE VERIFY
This is the standard procedure which is repeated during the life the car whenever the driver inserts the key in the ignition switch and turns the ignition on (+15) (= KEY ON): this procedure allows engine starting if the inserted key is enabled.The code verify procedure continues even wne the driver turns the key to the AVV position (CRANKING).After the key is on KEY ON, the FIAT CODE recognises whether the transponder in the key is one of the enabled ones.At the same time, with the key on +15 or +50, the ECN initialises its software to verify whether a fix code has already been memorised. If it has, it will send a (FIX code request) to the FIAT CODE.In response to this request, the FIAT CODE will send the fix code, encrypted, to the engine control unit, only if the transponder has been recognised as enabled.If the FIAT CODE receives further FIX code requests, it again reads the transponder in the aerial before responding to the NCM.If the result of the transponder recognition is negative (incorrect transponder, no transponder in the key, etc.), the FIAT CODE will send the code (incorrect transponder or no transponder) to the engine control unit.If the FIAT CODE is virgin and the NCM sends a FIX code request, the FIAT CODE, after recognising a transponder, responds by sending an encrypted virgin NBC recognised transponder code.METHOD OF USING C-CAN OR RECOVERY W LINE
Communication between the BCN and ECN takes place by default on the C-CAN line; if the C-CAN network is faulty, the recovery strategy is as follows:
- the ECN passes on to recovery on the W serial line, requesting the code from the BCN: if the outcome is positive, starting is permitted
- if there are also problems on the W line, after re-transmission attempts, the ECN passes on to recovery from the accelerator pedal or the diagnostic instrument.
CAN COMMUNICATION
The communication between Body Computer and NCM is achieved by the following two CAN messages:
- Immo code request (sent from NCM and received by NBC)
- Immo code response (sent from NBC and received by NCM)
COMMUNICATION ON W LINE
If, because of a malfunction on the CAN network, you move on to the recovery condition, the exchange of codes between NCM and NBC takes place on the W serial line.This code exchange takes place only for the CODE VERIFY procedure: it is therefore not possible to carry out a CODE RECORDING on the W line.The data exchange on the serial line takes place in the same way as on the C-CAN network: the NCM control unit is master of the communication, while the NBC responds to the requests received from the NCM.Two messages travel on the serial line: immo code request and immo code responseVERIFYING W LINE ELECTRICAL CONNECTION
As the dialogue on the W line only takes place in the case of recovery, an ERROR condition would only be recognised at the time of use, so the end customer would not be able to move the car.A strategy of verifying the W serial line is therefore introduced in order to diagnose the line itself.PROTECTION CODES
The protection codes used by BCN and ECN are given belowUNIVERSAL CODE: this is the code which the FIAT CODE, not yet programmed, sends to the NCM when it has recognised the presence of a transponder in the key.The 'vehicle protection' warning light comes on at a frequency of 1.6 Hz and duty cycle of 50%.The flashing of the light explains that the system is correctly connected and working, but the car is not protected by a code.IMMO CODE: This is the basic code from which the secret code and fix code are obtained. An automatically generated immmo code is associated with each car. All the other secret codes used by the FIAT CODE function are generated from the IMMO CODE.SECRET CODE: This is the code resident in the transponder. It is memorised in the transponders contained in the car keys at the time of programming the transponders, and in the FIAT CODE at the time of programming the keys at the end of the line.FIX CODE: This is memorised in the FIAT CODE at the time of end-of-line programming.ELECTRONIC CODE (PIN): This is obtained from the fix code and is stamped on the CODE CARD which is delivered to the car's owner; it is a 5-digit decimal code (0 is not permitted).It is used to access, in a protected manner, the BCN memory in order to re-programme or programme new remote control keys and/or carry out particular diagnostic functions.It is also used in the procedure of recovery from accelerator pedal described in the engine control unit specification.IDENTIFIER: It is resident in the transponder and is different for each transponder. It is memorised in the FIAT CODE during the programming procedure. The FIAT CODE manages a table of enabled identifications and one for disabled identifications.BODY COMPUTER
The FIAT CODE on the vehicle is a function of the NBCThe main functions of the FIAT CODE are:
- to recognise the introduction and rotation of a key in the ignition switch (+15);
- to de-activate the alarm (if fitted) after recognition of an enabled key;
- to emit an electromagnetic field to read the key's transponder;
- to send the random code to the transponder;
- to receive the cryptographic code emitted by the key;
- to memorise up to 8 identifiers;
- to memorise the secret code;
- to manage a list of a maximum of 8 enabled identifiers;
- to manage a list of at least 16 permanently disabled identifiers;
- to manage the CAN line to the engine control unit;
- to manage the lighting up of the warning light on the panel by communication with the instrument paenel;
- to carry out self-diagnosis.
supply of FIAT CODE as spares
In the case of replacement of the FIAT CODE, the entire Body Computer needs to be replaced.If the Body Computer is being replaced the Parts Dept. must be asked, using the V.O.R. procedure and supplying the vehicle chassis number, to provide an 'identical copy' of the Body Computer: this copy will contain all the default settings entered for the vehicle when new which are stored in the Parts database for that chassis number.COMPOSITION
The aerial assembly consists of a toroidal reel aerial with built-in connector on the aerial body.The connecting wiring to the BCN is integrated in the dashboard wiring loom.OPERATION
The aerial is supplied by the BCN to energise the key's transponder.As the aerial needs to be as close as possible to the transponder (for electromagnetic immunity, its small size and the limited range of the transponder), it is attached axially to the ignition switch.
OPERATION
The mechanical key contains a cryptographic transponder in the handle.When the key is inserted in the switch and the ignition is switched ON, the transponder is energized by the aerial and responds by emitting the secret code in a variable and encrypted way.The emission into the air has sufficient power to have high immunity to electromagnetic interference and a range such that it is received by the aerial mounted in the ignition switch.If the code is recognised as valid, the FIAT CODE sends the engine control unit, at the request of the latter, a coded signal that allows the engine to be started.Up to 8 keys can be programmed in the FIAT CODE. | The keys are supplied 'already programmed' by the production factory. All the codes are then stored in a DATA BASE managed by the PARTS DIVISION. Therefore, when a new vehicle is handed over to a customer, the Service Network should not carry out any programming procedures. If a key is mislaid or additional keys are requested, this request should be passed on to the Parts Dept [PR5580E]. |
KEY TRANSPONDER
The transponder contained in the key has the following coded in its memory:
- SECRET CODE, the same for each transponder in the same key kit;
- IDENTIFIER, different for each transponder produced;
- DATE OF PROGRAMMING the secret code.
Reprogramming the keys
Reprogramming the keys enables the keys authorised to start the car to be memorised in the NBC.If the new keys to be programmed and those already programmed will be inserted in the ignition switch to be recognised by the FIAT CODE which will memorise in the table of enabled identifiers those presented during the procedure, and will transfer from the latter table to the table of disabled identifiers those identifiers which have not been presented.Table of disabled keys
If an enabled key is no longer available (lost, stolen or no longer working), the subsequent key programming procedure (for example necessary for memorising the new replacement key) should disable its operation.The FIAT CODE therefore manages a table in EEPROM which can contain the data relating to 16 disabled keys: the identifiers of the enabled keys not presented during the reprogramming procedures are transferred into this table.If the disabled keys table is full, any new key will replace the first key entered on the table.This table also permits traceability of the keys used on the car.Key reprogramming prodecure
The key reprogramming procedure is carried out/guided by the Diagnostic/Test Instrument: this procedure is activated by access protected by the car's PIN.Once the procedure is activated, the flow is as follows:
- the diagnostic instrument instructs the NBC to initialize the key learning procedure.
- the operator enters the first key and requests learning from the NBC: the NBC reads the transponder after Key-on, verifies whether the secret code is correct and, if it is, learns the key's identifier.
- the operator repeats the previous operation for all the car keys.
- once all the keys have been learnt, the diagnostic instrument instructs the NBC to memorise them permanently in EEPROM, in accordance with the following procedure:
- the NBC compares the learnt identifiers with those currently in memory
- the data of the keys memorised in EEPROM but not presented during learning, they are moved to the disabled keys table.
- the data of the learnt keys are memorised in the enabled keys table only if they are not already present in the disabled keys table.
Deletion of a lost key fromthe memory
The procedure is the same as that described in the previous paragraph. All the keys owned must be presented; those not presented will be deleted, i.e. transferred into the table of disabled identifiers. A lost key may be deleted from memory at any time by a diagnostic/test instrument. The identifier of that key is transferred into the disabled keys table and will no longer be recognised.COMPOSITION
This card contains the following:
- The emergency code (electronic code) which allows the car to be started with the EXAMINER or another diagnostic instrument or, in an emergency, with the accelerator pedal procedure. It is also used to programme the keys and remote controls with the EXAMINER.
- The mechanical code of the keys (mechanical code) identifies the mechanical profile of the key, and must be specified in the order to receive the key already cut.
OPERATION
The emergency electronic code is also used for the system fault diagnosis and for other operations using the Examiner or other diagnostic equipment. Many of these operations (e.g. 'Programming Keys') can only be carried out after this code has been entered.Therefore before any operation, the Customer must be asked for the Code Card. | The Code Card should not be left in the vehicle in case it is stolen: it should, however, be available for the emergency starting procedure described below. |
SPECIFCATIONS
The 'vehicle protection' warning light is located on the instrument panel; it is controlled by a message on the B-CAN network by the NBC.Method of operation and flashing times of 'vehicle protection' warning light
The NBC gives the instruction to the panel, via the CAN network, to switch on the 'vehicle protection' warning light as shown in the 'vehicle protection warning light blinking modes' table, where the times are considered with a tolerance of ± 10%.In accordance with the blinking modes (from 1 to 16) identified in the top table, the 'vehicle protection' warning light should flash as shown in the following table.
FAULT DIAGNOSIS
The FIAT CODE function permits the possibility of carrying out self-diagnosis of the parts which make up the system.The NBC can identify and memorise in EEPROM the presence of the following malfunctions:Transponder:
- faulty or absent or with incorrect secret code
- deleted/disabled
- unknown/not memorised
Transponder aerial:
- faulty electrical connection (open circuit, short circuit to earth or to battery)
RECOVERY PROCEDURE BY ACCELERATOR PEDAL
Whenever the customer wishes to start the engine and has problems with the FIAT CODE, the following procedure should be activated.The Recovery procedure is an emergency procedure which allows the customer to regain possession of the car if he has lost a key or if the key is damaged. By 'manual' entry of a sub-code (EMERGENCY CODE).The RECOVERY PROCEDURE can only be activated after the NCM has entered the 'ENGINE IMMOBILIZED' state.The RECOVERY PROCEDURE by accelerator pedal can be repeated a limitless number of times;The RECOVERY PROCEDURE by accelerator pedal must be carried out fully (5 digits); there will be no message if one or more digits of the entered code are incorrect; the only way to check whether the code is correct is to complete the procedure and try to start the engine; the procedure can nevertheless be interrupted by KEY OFF.If the accelerator pedal is released before a time-out (8 s the first time, 4 s the other times), the CHECK ENGINE warning light will not go out and the RECOVERY PROCEDURE will be aborted.To start the recovery procedure, the user must carry out the following operations in order:
- Read the code on the CODE CARD.
- Turn the key to ON. The diagnosis warning light comes on for the self-test;
- Press and hold down the accelerator pedal. The diagnosis warning light goes out after 8 s.
- When the diagnosis light goes out, release the accelerator pedal.
- After the pedal has been released, the warning light will flash at a frequency of 0.8 Hz duty cycle 25% ON. When the warning light has come on a number of times equal to the first digit of the code, press and hold down the accelerator pedal to allow the ECN to recognise it. The diagnosis light will come on and stay on, fixed, for 4 s.
- When the diagnosis light goes out, release the accelerator pedal.
- After the pedal has been released, the warning light will flash at a frequency of 0.8 Hz duty cycle 25% ON. When the warning light has come on a number of times equal to the next digit in the code, press and hold down the accelerator pedal to allot the ECN to recognise it. The diagnosis light will come on and stay on, fixed, for 4 s.
- When the diagnosis light goes out, release the accelerator pedal.
- Repeat these operations for all the other figures.
- After the pedal has been released, when the last digit has been recognised, the warning light will flash at a frequency of 1.6 Hz duty cycle 25% for 4 s, or will go out sooner, if engine starting is recognised (>450 rpm) indicating that the code has been accepted, or will come on fixed to indicate that the code has been rejected. If the code is accepted, start the engine. If the code is refused, repeat the procedure from the beginning. If the NCM measures the time, engine start-up is permitted within 10 minutes without repeating the procedure.
Protection system
The 'Vehicle Protection System' with central locking of the boot doors using the remote control has been designed with a high level of protection against break ins.On the HIGH version only, the system also includes a dead lock, the independent unlocking of the driver's door and the window and roof opening/closing functions, whilst all trim levels have the basic protection functions: independent boot unlocking, automatic locking of the doors at speed: these functions can be customized by the user through the menu in the instrument panel.The system can be operated, using the remote control (with 3 buttons and a rectractable metal insert), at a range of up to 20m away from the vehicle.The mechanical key can be extracted.
Protection system
The catch in the driver's door makes it possible to lock and unlock the door using the mechanical key.The vehicle is fitted as standard with a remote control and there are no mechanical safety knobs on the doors.The boot can be opened through the electric, soft touch type handle acting on an electrical contact.There is a panel on the tunnel next to the gear lever with 2 buttons which operate the central locking and unlocking of the locks: there is a red LED next to them which signals the actions or status of the central locking system.CENTRAL LOCK LOCK/RELEASE FROM OUTSIDE
The door locks can be centrally locked or unlocked either by inserting the mechanical key in the driver's door catch or by using the remote control buttons.The locking is confirmed by the LED on the tunnel next to the gear lever.If the vehicle is locked from the outside, the door central locking and unlocking buttons for the passenger compartment are disabled and then re-enabled the next time the vehicle is unlocked.If the key is turned to lock the vehicle when one of the front doors is open, the lock for that door does not mechanically perform the manoeuvre and it is therefore not possible to lock the door. A signal is given by the rapid flashing of the direction indicators and the LED in the door panel.CENTRAL LOCKING LOCK AND RELEASE FROM INSIDE
The locks are unlocked from inside the vehicle through the operation of one of the two door opening handles located on the doors or by using the central locking/unlocking buttons located on the panel on the centre tunnel, near the gear lever.When the locking button is pressed, if the locks are unlocked, all the locks are then locked (including the boot), conversely, if the locks are already locked, when the unlocking button is pressed, all the locks are unlocked (see the description below for the unlocking the boot).
DEAD LOCK MODE (only for HIGH version)
The lock is fitted with a dead-lock function which makes it possible to place all the lock external linkage in neutral (with the exception of the key catch to allow for mechanical backup) thereby counteracting any break in attempts designed to move the lock and release the safety device.The dead-lock function is engaged by pressing the door locking button on the remote control twice (within one second) or using the mechanical key when the doors are locked, turning the key a second time within 1 second of the locking manoeuvre. If one of the vehicle doors is not properly shut, the dead-lock is not engaged: this prevents someone from being able to enter the vehicle when the door is open and then remaining locked inside once the door is closed.The engagement/release of the dead lock function is signalled by the LED.The function is automatically deactivated for all the doors when the locks are unlocked (even when only the driver's door is unlocked.The dead-lock function also inhibits the door locking / unlocking buttons in the passenger compartment. | it is impossible to get out of the passenger compartment once the dead-lock function has been applied. |
| If the battery is run down / not working properly or disconnected, the dead-lock function can only be deactivated for doors fitted with catches, using the mechanical key from the outside; the rear doors remain dead-locked ! |
SIGNALLING LED
A RED signalling LED is located in the trim on the centre tunnel, near the gear lever.The LED gives out the following signals:
- locking of the locks: the LED lights up for 3 seconds. If, when the locks are locked, some of the doors or the boot is not properly shut, then the LED will flash rapidly for 3 seconds;
- dead-lock engagement: after the dead-lock has been engaged, the LED will flash twice for 0.5 seconds and then move on to the deterrent signal.
- deterrent: once the signal that the doors are locked is over, the LED will flash rapidly to indicate that the vehicle is locked (deterrent function): the flashing ends the next time the locks are unlocked.
REMOTE CONTROL UNIT
The radiofrequency remote control is equipped with a retractable metal insert and a signalling LED. It has a radius of about twenty metresIt is used in conjunction with the central locking system and has three buttons with the following functions:
Opening button:
.
- Pressing once briefly: unlocks the driver's door + dead lock + switching on of courtesy light: two blinkers and auditory warning confirm the commands;
- Pressing twice briefly: unlocks all the doors + switches on courtesy light + dead-lock;
- Long press (more than 2 seconds): opening of windows and sun roof + switching on of courtesy lights, when the button is released the window and roof openings stop in the current position.
Closing button:
.
- Pressing once briefly: locking of doors + boot + switching off of courtesy light: blinker confirms the commands.
- Pressing twice briefly: engagement of dead-lock;
- Long press (more than 2 seconds): closing of windows and sun roof + switching off of courtesy lights, when the button is released the closings of the windows and roof stop in the current position;
Boot button:
.
- Single brief press: boot unlocking
- Long press (more than 2 seconds): unlocking of boot + raising of boot.
| The transmitter signals that the batteries are run down, a single flash lasting 200 ms when the button is pressed. If the battery is run down, about 100 activations are guaranteed with the correct transmission of the data. |
FUEL FLAP
The fuel flap is connected to the locking/unlocking status of the driver's door.The fuel flap is unlocked by the central locking/unlocking command at the driver's door, from the catch or the remote control When the driver's door is opened, if the fuel flap was in a 'locked' state, it is also unlocked.ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
The system offers a series of additional and complementary functions; several can be switched on or off via the special instrument panel set up.Automatic locking
If, after having unlocked the doors, none of the doors or the boot is opened within 30 seconds (presuming the driver has gone away from the vehicle), it is automatically re-locked.If the dead-lock was engaged before the unlocking, then it is not automatically re-engaged.Independent driver's door unlocking (only for HIGH versions)
It is possible, using the instrument panel, to set the behaviour of the central locking system when the unlocking of the locks takes place through the driver's door:
- central unlocking (default): using the opening button on the remote control or by turning the key, all the vehicle doors are unlocked at the same time and access is allowed through any door.
- unlocking the driver's door: using the opening button on the remote control or when the key is turned, only the driver's door is unlocked, whilst the other doors and the boot remain locked, preventing acess by non authorized persons.
Unlocking and opening the boot
The boot is fitted with an electric lock and an electric handle, which works like a 5th door; it is automatically centrally unlocked when the doors are unlocked, with the electric handle enabled to open the boot when it is operated: in this way the lock releases the boot and allows it to be raised.It is also possible to open it independently by pressing the special button in the remote control.Unlocking the boot independently
The behaviour of the boot can be set in two different modes, using the instrument panel set up:
- Boot subject to the central locking (default setting): the status of the boot follows the status of the doors. With the vehicle locked the boot is locked, with the vehicle unlocked the boot is unlocked.
- Boot indepedent: the boot is always locked and can only be opened using the mechanical key and the boot catch.