184000238 - INTRODUCTION - ENGINE
GLOSSARY
Hardened and tempered steel
Heat treatment applied to special steels to improve their mechanical characteristics: it consists of hardening, followed by tempering to induce a significant increase in toughness of the material.TEMPERING
Consists of heating to a temperature of < 720°Χ φολλοωεδ βψ σλοω χοολινγ, in order to attenuate the effects of the hardening without eliminating its effects.The material thus returns to a condition as close as possible to a stable chemical-physical balance.HARDENING
This is obtained when the structure of the metal at high temperature is harder and stronger than when cold.Closed-deck
This indicates the type of assembly of the cylinder liners in the cylinder block; in this case the two components are integral in the top.Condensation
This the reverse of evaporation, i.e. when a substance passes from the vapour state to the liquid state; it takes place by compression or cooling.DUCTILE OR SPHEROIDAL CAST IRON
Cast iron is referred to as ductile or spheroidal when, due to the addition of cerium and magnesium, globules or spheres of carbon at the graphite stage are contained in a mainly ferrite matrix. All the mechanical and technological properties of the metal are improved so it can be forged, welded and machined.Its applications are very wide, because - unlike normal cast iron - it offers appreciable strength and percentage lengthening values.Evaporation
Also called vaporization, this is the passage of a body from the liquid state to the gaseous state.It occurs at any temperature, but, when all other conditions are the same, all the more slowly the lower the temperature.Resonance
Phenomenon in which the amplitude of oscillations induced in a vibrating system tends, under particular conditions, to become intensified (amplified) beyond all limits.Sensor
This is a system which, stimulated by any form of energy, reacts by changing its state, hence one or more of its characteristics (resistivity, volume, temperature, etc.).For example, a material which, immersed in a magnetic field, undergoes a change in its conductivity, is a sensor.New-generation sensors are solid-state devices of microelectronic technology, which can read the environment and provide responses in the form of electrical signals for subsequent processing for final control actions.They can measure forces, acceleration, pressures and temperatures of gases, liquids and solids, concentrations of gases such as nitric oxides, oxygen, etc.Viscosity
Property of matter whereby the particles of a body meet 'resistance' in sliding in relation to each other.The value of the resistance or internal friction depends on the nature of the body, large in solids, very small in viscous liquids and non-existent in gases.In liquids, viscosity decreases rapidly as temperature increases.CONSTRUCTION FEATURES
Direct injection turbodiesel engine without precombustion chamber, 4 cylinders in line, 1910 c.c., two valves per cylinder, overhead camshaft, supercharged with turbocharger and intercooler, Bosch Common Rail EDC-15C electronic fuel injection system.POWER: 74 kW (100 bhp) EC at 4000 rpmTORQUE - 26 daNm (26.4 kgm) EC at 1750 rpmCYLINDER ARRANGEMENT: 4 in lineBORE: 82 mmSTROKE: 90.4 mmCAPACITY: 1910 ccCYLINDER HEAD: in aluminiumCRANKCASE: cast ironCRANKSHAFT: in ductile cast iron with 8 counterweights and 5 main bearings with torsional damperTIMING GEAR: one overhead camshaft, 2 valves per cylinderINJECTIONSYSTEM: Bosch Common Rail MultijetTURBOCHARGING SYSTEM: RHF 4H MIX-FLOW turbocharger with electronic wastegate and intercoolerEMISSION CONTROL DEVICES: oxidising catalytic converters with Lambda probe, electric EGRLUBRICATION: forced with in-line gear pump; engine oil cooling radiatorCOOLING: liquid with forced circulation via a centrifugal pump and sealed circuit; radiator and additional expansion tank.Engine operation is ensured by the following systems:
- fuel system;
- air turbocharging system;
- engine cooling system;
- exhaust system with catalytic converters and lambda probe;
- oil vapour recirculation system;
- E.G.R. exhaust gas recirculation system;
- electric/electronic system.