2892416 - Introduction - ENGINE

HARDENED AND TEMPERED STEEL

Heat treatment applied to special steels to improve their mechanical characteristics: it consists of hardening, followed by tempering to induce a significant increase in toughness of the material. Tempering: consists of heating to a temperature of < 720°C followed by slow cooling, in order to attenuate the effects of the hardening without eliminating its effects.The material thus returns to a condition as close as possible to a stable chemical-physical balance.Hardening: this is obtained when the structure of the metal at high temperature is harder and stronger than when cold.

CLOSED-DECK

This indicates the type of assembly of the cylinder liners in the cylinder block; in this case the two components are integral in the top.

CONDENSATION

This the reverse of evaporation, i.e. when a substance passes from the vapour state to the liquid state; it is obtained by compression or cooling.

EVAPORATION

Also called vaporization, this is the passage of a body from the liquid state to the gaseous state.It occurs at any temperature, but, when all other conditions are the same, all the more slowly the lower the temperature.

RESONANCE

Phenomenon in which the amplitude of oscillations induced in a vibrating system tends, under particular conditions, to become intensified (amplified) beyond all limits.

SENSOR

This is a system which, stimulated by any form of energy, reacts by changing its state, hence one or more of its characteristics (resistivity, volume, temperature, etc.).For example, a material which, immersed in a magnetic field, undergoes a change in its conductivity, is a sensor.New-generation sensors are solid-state devices of microelectronic technology, which can read the environment and provide responses in the form of electrical signals for subsequent processing for final control actions. They can measure forces, acceleration, pressures and temperatures of gases, liquids and solids, concentrations of gases such as nitric oxides, oxygen, etc.

VISCOSITY

Property of matter whereby the particles of a body meet "resistance" in sliding in relation to each other.The value of the resistance or internal friction depends on the nature of the body, large in solids, very small in viscous liquids and non-existent in gases.In liquids, viscosity decreases rapidly as temperature increases.
1, Fuel filler 2, Electric fuel pump 3, Fuel tank 4, Auxiliary drive belt 5, Inlet manifold 6, Exhaust manifold 7, Cooling system pipes 8, Turbocharger 9, Power unit mounting 10, Exhaust pipe 11, Oxidizing catalyzer 12, Fuel filter 13, Fuel supply pipe 14, Fuel return pipeDirect injection turbodiesel engine without precombustion chamber, 4 cylinders in line, 1910 c.c., two valves per cylinder, overhead camshaft, supercharged with turbocharger and intercooler, Bosch Common Rail EDC-15C electronic fuel injection system.Engine 4 cylinders in lineBore 82 mmStroke 90.4 mmCylinder capacity 1910 cm3 Cylinder head aluminium alloy, two valves per cylinder, cross-flow typeEngine block cast iron closed-deck typeCrankshaft cast iron, 5 main bearings, 4 counterweightsTiming gear single overhead camshaft driven by toothed beltFuel system direct injection with turbocharger and intercooler Common Rail type electronic engine control systemEmission E.G.R. with closed-loop control control and catalytic converterLubrication artificial circulation with gear-type pump and water-oil heat exchanger (steel modine)Cooling artificial circulation with centrifugal pump; thermostatted electric fan

The unit comprises the engine and all the systems required for its operation:

  • fuel supply system;
  • air supply system;
  • engine cooling system
  • exhaust system with catalytic converter
  • oil vapour recirculation system
  • E.G.R. exhaust gas recirculation system

TECHNICAL ADVANTAGES

Performance;high efficiency;reduced consumption, about 15% less compared with precombustion chamber;high reliability thanks to the adoption of a "multilayer" metal cylinder head gasket;reduction of dispersed heat, so engine is technically less stressed;significant reduction of noise level;wide choice of injection pressures;simplification of he pump operating mechanisms;improvements in air-fuel mixing with advantages in terms of emissions and consumption.